### Summary of Violations Israel’s blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza violates the following international and customary laws: 1. **Fourth Geneva Convention**: - **Article 55**: Failure to ensure food and medical supplies for the occupied population. - **Article 59**: Failure to facilitate humanitarian aid. - **Article 33**: Engaging in collective punishment, a war crime. 2. **Additional Protocol I (Customary Law)**: - **Article 54**: Using starvation as a method of warfare. - **Article 70**: Blocking humanitarian relief actions. 3. **Customary IHL**: - **Rule 55**: Denying access to humanitarian aid. - **Rule 53**: Using starvation as a method of warfare. - **Rule 103**: Imposing collective punishment. 4. **Obligations as an Occupying Power**: - Failure to ensure basic needs and facilitate aid, as required by the Geneva Conventions. - Contributing to the unlawful nature of its occupation (per the ICJ’s 2024 ruling). 5. **UN Security Council Demands**: - Non-compliance with calls to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.